Summary of the four macromolecules

Macromolecules

Proteins
Proteins are the essential macromolecule in the organs and soft structures within human and animal bodies.
Proteins have low molecular weight.
Proteins are amino acids binded together by a carboxyl group to another.
Proteins can either have a primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure or quaternary structure.
The function of a protein depends on it's shape.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy for living creatures.
Consists of only the elements carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. 
Exmaples: Glucose, fructose and galactose.

Lipids
Three types of lipids: Fat, phospholipids and steriods.
Functions: Energy storage, membrane structure, hormones, insulation and digestion.
Saturated: Packed very tightly together, contain single covalent bonds between carbons and the chain of fat is saturated with hydrogen.
Unsaturated: Increased fluidity, not packed as tightly as saturated fats, monounsaturated fats have one double bond and polyunsaturated fats have more than one double bond.

DNA
Made up of nitrogenous bases, a sugar and a phosphate group.
Four different nitrogenous bases: adanine, cytosine, guanine, thymine.
DNA contains genetic material necessary for DNA replication, transcription, translation and inheritance.